Ted Tonate = Detonate
Candice Arme = Can disarm

And BTW, I know why Uchuu Oogawara is named Yuri Cosmos.
Yuri is from the Soviet astronaut Yuri Gagarin who was the first human in the space. Cosmos is from the Ancient Greek kosmos which means "world, universe".

Kokone Kidzuki= Athena Cykes
Jin Yuugami= Simon Blackquill
Gouzou Ban= Bobby Fulbright
Shinobu Morizumi= Juniper Woods
Hozumi Kaku= Candice Arme
Barashima Shingo= Ted Tonate
Fumitake Auchi= Gaspen Payne
Deemon Tenma= Damian Tenma
Ginji Kyuubi= Rex Kyubi
Kumabee Zeniarai= Phineas Filch
Gin= Taka
Yumemi Tenma= Jinxie Tenma
Shuuichi Biyouin= Florent L'Belle
Masayo Michiba= Constance Courte
Chishio Atsui= Robin Newman
Rei Shizuya= Hugh O'Conner
Atsume Uwasa= Myriam Scuttlebutt
Shinji Ichiro= Aristotle Means
Taiyou Hoshinari= Solomon Starbuck
Daichi Aoi= Clay Terran
Uchuu Oogawara= Yuri Cosmos
Kaguya Yuugami= Aura Blackquill
Mari Kidzuki= Metis Cykes
PONCO and PONTA= PONCO and CLONCO
Phantom= Phantom
Shouko Umino= Sasha Buckler
Ale Arafune= Orla Shipley (actual name Ora Shipley)
Elle Arafune= Ora Shipley (the first)
Ryouji Arafune= Jack Shipley
Ikuya Itsuki= Marlon Rimes
Reika Uratori= Norma DePlume
Gaku Sugomori= Herman Crab
Suzumi Natsukaze= Azura Summers

Candice Arme - Obviously, from "can disarm", referencing her occupation as a Bomb disposal expert.

Damian Tenma - Damian, as name, derives from the greek word meaning "to conquer" or "to master", possibly in reference to him being the mayor of Tenma City. Additionally, it sounds like "demon", which they believed Tenma Taro to be.

Rex Kyubi - Rex is the Latin word for "king", such as in Oedipus Rex. Again, another conquering word probably in reference to him being the leader of Nine-Tails Vale. Kyubi, of course, is the same.

Florent L'Belle - You all guessed it! L'Belle is the French for "The Beautiful" or "The Pretty". Florent could come from "fleur", the French word for a flower, or possible from flore, in reference to fauna. Which sounds like it smells better, flowers or fauna?

Aristotle Means - Hopefully you all know the philosopher Aristotle; as a subject of Plato, Aristotle's beliefs were based on "natural philosophy" and were very down-to-earth and based on logical assumptions, and he rocked a beard similar to that of our dear character.

Constance Courte - comes from the Latin word for "constant, steadfast". Most likely a reference to her unwavering belief in holding fair trials, a "steadfast court" that wouldn't give in to the dark days of law.

Hugh O'Conner - The pun "You're a goner!" used in the localization sounds very much like "Hugh O'Conner" when said quickly. This could also reference his faked genius status, "a conner" if you will; his parents paid off his test scores, and thus conning everyone else into believing he was a genius.

Robin Newman - Another one called by the CR crew. "Newman", obviously derived from "new man", signifies the secret Robin was forced to keep in order to satisfy her parents. Robin is an androgynous name given to men but most times associated with women.

Soloman Starbuck - Not sure on this one. It could be a vague reference to King Soloman, or that he was the single person who was given most of the credit for the safe return of the HAT-1: "solo man". Starbuck, while also a very famous coffee shop, was also the name of a character from both Moby Dick and the 1978 science-fiction Battlestar Galactica.

Metis Cykes - Metis was the Greek Titaness (yup, not goddess - Titaness!) of wisdom and deep thought, but originally connoted "magical cunning". She was also the mother of the goddess Athena, but of course.

Yuri Cosmos - Cosmos, of course, is a term for space, or the universe, in a structured system. Yuri is the Japanese word for lily, possibly due to lilies that can grow on river banks (a reference to his Japanese name), or could create a pun on "Eureka" with the first half of his last name, "Yuri Co-". He is very enthusiastic about his position, after all.

Aura Blackquill - Aura is the divine personification of the breeze in Greek and Roman mythology. It can also reference a person's manifestation of energy, a person's "aura", which also derives from the Greek/Roman mythology. I've got nothing on this one, other than it sounds just a fanciful as a princess of the moon.

I believe that Yuri Cosmos is actually a reference to Yuri Gagarin...

I believe that Yuri Cosmos is actually a reference to Yuri Gagarin...

Sol = Sun, Terran = Earth. Metis is also an asteroid, although that's less important than the whole Athena's mother thing.

Jack Shipley
His name is from Cap'n Jack Sparrow in the Pirates of the Caribbean film series.

Marlon Rimes. Sounds too weak... I prefer Salomon Fishrap. (Fishrap is evident for a pun, isn't it? (surname idea from Voodoo Lady) Salomon is a play on "salmon", if ya know what do I mean.)

Marlon Rimes: A marlin's a kind of fish, and Rimes refers to his sick beats, yo yo yo! I'm almost 100% certain that his name also refers to the Rime of the Ancient Mariner.
Norma DePlume: "nom de plume", ie a pen name. Her Japanese name also refers to birds iirc, so plume is fitting.
Herman Crab: Hermit crab, duuuuuuuh.
Azura Summers: Azure is a shade of blue, and her Japanese name refers to a summer cold. Also probably coincidental, but as one of the few characters who dies of natural causes in a universe where death is almost always the result of malicious external forces, I wouldn't be surprised if she was named after Buffy's mom.